Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) 2025: 90% Capture, 10 Gt CO2/yr, $100/ton, 500 Projects, $50B Market

CCS 2025: 90% Capture, 10 Gt CO2/yr, $100/ton, 500 Projects, $50B Market

90% CAPTURE • 10 GT CO2/YR • AMINE 4 MJ/kg • $100/TON • 500 GLOBAL PROJECTS

❓ CCS Capture Efficiency?

90% post-combustion amine capture. MEA solvent absorbs 4 MJ/kg CO2 at 120°C. Stores 10 Gt/yr in saline aquifers, $100/ton delivered.

Post-Combustion Amine Capture

MEA (monoethanolamine) 30wt% solution captures 90% CO2 from flue gas (12% CO2, 5% O2). Absorption: 4 MJ/kg CO2 at 40°C, regeneration: 120°C stripper reboiler. 1 Mt/yr plant: 500 MW coal, 2000 t/day solvent circulation.

Technology	Capture Rate	Energy Penalty	Cost
MEA Amine	90%	4 MJ/kg	$60/ton
Membrane	80%	2 MJ/kg	$80/ton
Cryogenic	95%	6 MJ/kg	$50/ton

CCS enables net-zero power, hydrogen production, blue ammonia.

CO2 Transportation Engineering

High-pressure supercritical CO2 (110 bar, 31°C) pipelines: 1000 km, 1 Mt/yr capacity, $2M/km. Phase diagram: triple point 5.2 bar/-56°C. Compressor power 15 kWh/ton. Ship transport: 8000 t/day LNG carriers.

Geological Storage Specifications

Saline aquifers: 100m+ caprock, 800m+ depth, 10% porosity. Storage capacity 10,000 Gt global. Monitoring: 4D seismic detects 0.1 Mt/yr leakage. Mineralization: dawsonite precipitation 10,000 yr stability.

Formation	Capacity	Depth	Leakage Rate
Saline Aquifer	10,000 Gt	800-2500m	0.001%/yr
Depleted Oil	1000 Gt	1500-3000m	0.0005%/yr
Basalt	500 Gt	500-2000m	0.01%/yr

CCS Market Leaders 2025

Company	Capacity Mt/yr	Projects	Revenue
ExxonMobil	25	12	$12B
Shell	35	18	$15B
Chevron	20	10	$10B

Engineering Applications

Power: Coal CCS 90% capture maintains 550g/kWh grid. Cement: 800 kg CO2/ton captured. Steel: H2-DRI + CCS 95% reduction. Hydrogen: Blue H2 $1.5/kg vs green $3/kg.